When over-the-counter acne treatments fail to deliver results, prescription options may provide the breakthrough you need. Prescription acne medications are often more potent and target the root causes of acne, including bacteria, inflammation, excess oil, and clogged pores.
Topical Retinoids
Topical retinoids, such as tretinoin and adapalene, are vitamin A derivatives that unclog pores and encourage skin cell turnover. They are often prescribed for comedonal and inflammatory acne. These medications may cause initial dryness and irritation, but consistent use leads to smoother skin and fewer breakouts over time.
Topical Antibiotics
Medications like clindamycin and erythromycin help reduce the bacteria that contribute to acne and inflammation. They are commonly used alongside benzoyl peroxide to prevent antibiotic resistance. These treatments are ideal for mild to moderate acne and are generally applied once or twice daily on affected areas.
Oral Antibiotics
For more severe or widespread acne, oral antibiotics such as doxycycline or minocycline are prescribed. These help decrease acne-causing bacteria and inflammation from within. Treatment duration is usually limited to prevent resistance, and they are often used with topical products for improved effectiveness.
Oral Contraceptives
Certain combined oral contraceptives are approved to treat acne in women by regulating hormones that increase oil production. They can be especially helpful for hormonal acne or breakouts linked to menstrual cycles. It may take several months to see improvements, and they require consistent use.
Spironolactone
Spironolactone is a hormone blocker commonly prescribed to women with hormonal acne. It works by reducing androgen levels, which can decrease oil production and prevent clogged pores. It is not suitable for men and requires regular blood tests to monitor potassium levels and kidney function.
Isotretinoin (Accutane)
Isotretinoin is an oral medication used for severe or resistant acne. It dramatically reduces oil gland size and inflammation. While highly effective, it comes with significant side effects and monitoring requirements, including regular blood tests and strict pregnancy prevention for women due to teratogenic risks.
Azelaic Acid
Though available over the counter in lower concentrations, higher-strength azelaic acid creams may be prescribed. It helps reduce inflammation, kill bacteria, and fade dark spots left by acne. It is gentle enough for sensitive skin and may be used by people with rosacea or pigmentation concerns.
Benzoyl Peroxide Combination Gels
Prescription-strength combination gels often include benzoyl peroxide with either antibiotics or retinoids. This boosts effectiveness while reducing bacterial resistance. These formulations are applied topically and target multiple acne causes, including bacteria, oil, and clogged pores. Proper moisturisation helps counteract drying effects.
Dapsone Gel
Dapsone is a prescription topical gel that reduces inflammation and treats moderate acne. It is often well tolerated by people with sensitive skin. Unlike antibiotics, dapsone does not contribute to bacterial resistance. It may be especially effective for adult females with inflammatory acne.
Corticosteroid Injections
For painful, cystic acne, dermatologists may inject a corticosteroid directly into the lesion. This treatment quickly reduces swelling, redness, and discomfort. It is not a routine solution, but it can be helpful for occasional severe breakouts that do not respond to other therapies. Results are often visible within days.
Conclusion
Prescription acne medications can be highly effective in controlling persistent breakouts and preventing scarring. With a variety of options available, understanding each type helps you and your doctor make informed decisions.
